Building under construction
Building under construction
Building under construction
Building under construction
To View full coverge of Opening Cermony click on pictureThe Opening Ceremony of the Burj Khalifa Tower
Burj Khalifa, The world's Tallest Building-828 meter
Burj Khalifa, The world's Tallest Building-828 meter
A picture from Sheikh Mohammad al-Maktoum's media office shows Sheikh Mohammad, the ruler of Dubai , unveiling a plaque during the opening ceremony of the Burj Khalifa tower, the tallest skyscraper in the world, in Dubai on January.The financially troubled Gulf emirate of Dubai opened the world's tallest building, a glistening concrete, glass and steel pinnaclerising 828 metres out of the desert sands.
About Burj Khalifa
Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة "Khalifa Tower"),[2] formerly known as Burj Dubai, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and the tallest man-made structure ever built, at 828 m (2,717 ft).[2] Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010.[1][9] The building is part of the 2 km2 (490-acre) flagship development called Downtown Burj Khalifa at the "First Interchange" along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district.
The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill of Chicago. Adrian Smith, who worked with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill until 2006, was the chief architect, and Bill Baker was the chief structural engineer for the project.[10][11] The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea, who also built the Taipei 101 and Petronas Twin Towers.[12] Major subcontractors included Belgian group Besix and Arabtec from the UAE. Turner Construction Company was chosen as the construction project manager.[13] Under UAE law, the Contractor and the Engineer of Record are jointly and severally liable for the performance of Burj Khalifa. Therefore, by adoption of SOM's design and by being appointed as Architect and Engineer of Record, Hyder Consulting was legally the Design Consultant for the tower.
The total cost for the Burj Khalifa project was about US$1.5 billion; and for the entire new "Downtown Dubai", US$20 billion.[14] Mohamed Ali Alabbar, the Chairman of Emaar Properties, speaking at the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 8th World Congress, said in March 2009 that the price of office space at Burj Khalifa had reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m2) and that the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, were selling for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m2).[15] The completion of the tower coincided with a worldwide economic slump and overbuilding, causing it to be described as "the latest ... in [a] string of monuments to architectural vacancy."[16]
The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill of Chicago. Adrian Smith, who worked with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill until 2006, was the chief architect, and Bill Baker was the chief structural engineer for the project.[10][11] The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea, who also built the Taipei 101 and Petronas Twin Towers.[12] Major subcontractors included Belgian group Besix and Arabtec from the UAE. Turner Construction Company was chosen as the construction project manager.[13] Under UAE law, the Contractor and the Engineer of Record are jointly and severally liable for the performance of Burj Khalifa. Therefore, by adoption of SOM's design and by being appointed as Architect and Engineer of Record, Hyder Consulting was legally the Design Consultant for the tower.
The total cost for the Burj Khalifa project was about US$1.5 billion; and for the entire new "Downtown Dubai", US$20 billion.[14] Mohamed Ali Alabbar, the Chairman of Emaar Properties, speaking at the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 8th World Congress, said in March 2009 that the price of office space at Burj Khalifa had reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m2) and that the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, were selling for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m2).[15] The completion of the tower coincided with a worldwide economic slump and overbuilding, causing it to be described as "the latest ... in [a] string of monuments to architectural vacancy."[16]
Current records
Tallest skyscraper to top of spire: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m/1,671 ft)
Tallest structure ever built: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Warsaw radio mast – 646.38 m/2,121 ft)
Tallest extant structure: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m/2,063 ft)
Tallest freestanding structure: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m/1,815 ft)
Building with most floors: 160 (previously Willis Tower – 108)[17]
World's highest elevator installation,situated inside a rod at the very top of the building[18][19]
World's fastest elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s (59 ft/s)[19] (previously Taipei 101 – 16.83 m/s)
Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft)[20] (previously Taipei 101 – 449.2 m/1,474 ft)
Highest vertical concrete pumping (for any construction): 606 m (1,988 ft)[20] (previously Riva del Garda Hydroelectric Power Plant – 532 m/1,745 ft[21])
The first world's tallest structure in history to include residential space[22]
Highest outdoor observation deck in the world (124th floor) at 442 m (1,450 ft)[23] [24][25]
World's highest mosque (located on the 158th floor)[26][27]
World's highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade, at a height of 512 m (1,680 ft)[28]
World's highest swimming pool (76th floor)[26] (previously Shanghai World Financial Center – 85th floor)
History of height increases
Burj Khalifa compared to some other well-known tall structures
There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception. Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned with an original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) discussed below.[29] Marshall Strabala, an SOM architect who worked on the project until 2006, late 2008 said that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,650 ft) tall.[30]
The design architect, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase it to the current height.[citation needed] It has been explicitly stated that this change did not include any added floors, which is fitting with Smith's attempts to make the crown more slender.[31]
Delay
Emaar Properties announced on 9 June 2008 that construction of Burj Khalifa was delayed by upgraded finishes and would be completed only in September 2009.[32] An Emaar spokesperson said "The luxury finishes that were decided on in 2004, when the tower was initially conceptualized, is now being replaced by upgraded finishes. The design of the apartments has also been enhanced to make them more aesthetically attractive and functionally superior."[33] A revised completion date of 2 December 2009 was then announced.[34] However, Burj Khalifa was opened on 4 January 2010.[1][9]
Tallest skyscraper to top of spire: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m/1,671 ft)
Tallest structure ever built: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Warsaw radio mast – 646.38 m/2,121 ft)
Tallest extant structure: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m/2,063 ft)
Tallest freestanding structure: 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m/1,815 ft)
Building with most floors: 160 (previously Willis Tower – 108)[17]
World's highest elevator installation,situated inside a rod at the very top of the building[18][19]
World's fastest elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s (59 ft/s)[19] (previously Taipei 101 – 16.83 m/s)
Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft)[20] (previously Taipei 101 – 449.2 m/1,474 ft)
Highest vertical concrete pumping (for any construction): 606 m (1,988 ft)[20] (previously Riva del Garda Hydroelectric Power Plant – 532 m/1,745 ft[21])
The first world's tallest structure in history to include residential space[22]
Highest outdoor observation deck in the world (124th floor) at 442 m (1,450 ft)[23] [24][25]
World's highest mosque (located on the 158th floor)[26][27]
World's highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade, at a height of 512 m (1,680 ft)[28]
World's highest swimming pool (76th floor)[26] (previously Shanghai World Financial Center – 85th floor)
History of height increases
Burj Khalifa compared to some other well-known tall structures
There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception. Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned with an original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) discussed below.[29] Marshall Strabala, an SOM architect who worked on the project until 2006, late 2008 said that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,650 ft) tall.[30]
The design architect, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase it to the current height.[citation needed] It has been explicitly stated that this change did not include any added floors, which is fitting with Smith's attempts to make the crown more slender.[31]
Delay
Emaar Properties announced on 9 June 2008 that construction of Burj Khalifa was delayed by upgraded finishes and would be completed only in September 2009.[32] An Emaar spokesperson said "The luxury finishes that were decided on in 2004, when the tower was initially conceptualized, is now being replaced by upgraded finishes. The design of the apartments has also been enhanced to make them more aesthetically attractive and functionally superior."[33] A revised completion date of 2 December 2009 was then announced.[34] However, Burj Khalifa was opened on 4 January 2010.[1][9]
0 comments:
Post a Comment